The political framework of Qatar

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders

Emir of Qatar: Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (since 25 June 2013)
Prime Minister: Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman Al Thani (since 7 March 2023)

Next Election Dates

To be determined.

Main Political Parties

The Qatari citizens enjoy limited political rights, and the formation of political parties is prohibited in the country. The only elections are for an advisory municipal council, and all candidates for municipal elections run as independents. Legislative elections for the Advisory Council are yet to be held.

Executive Power

The Emir of Qatar is the head of state and holds a hereditary title. Although Qatar is officially a constitutional monarchy, the Emir exercises executive authority and has the power to approve or reject legislation after consulting the Advisory Council (Majlis al-Shura). The Emir also appoints the Prime Minister and, based on the Prime Minister’s recommendations, approves the formation of the Council of Ministers.

Legislative Power

Qatar’s legal system combines civil law with Islamic law (Sharia), which is the main source of legislation. The Advisory Council (Majlis al-Shura) has the authority to draft and approve laws, but the Emir has the final say on all legislation. Until 2024, the Council consisted of 45 members, with 30 elected by direct, general secret ballot and 15 appointed by the Emir. However, following a constitutional referendum in late 2024, all Council members are now appointed by the Emir. The Council of Ministers can also propose draft laws and decrees for review by the Advisory Council. Sharia law is applied in areas such as family law, inheritance, and certain criminal cases.