The political framework of the Netherlands

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders

King: WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013) - hereditary
Prime Minister: Rob Jetten (since 23 February 2026)

Next Election Dates

House of Representatives: May 2030
Senate: May 2027

Main Political Parties

The Netherlands has a two-tier parliament divided into two chambers. The main parties/alliances represented in the parliament include:

- Party for Freedom (PVV): right-wing, nationalist, known for hard stands on immigration. The party, led by Geert Wilders, won 26 of the 150 seats at the election of 29 October 2025 and now has 19, after seven of its members left to form the separate Groep Markuszower
- GroenLinks–PvdA: alliance between the Greenleft (GL - centre-left, eco-socialist and anti-capitalist political party) and the Labour Party (PvdA - centre-left, social-democratic party). The alliance won 20 seats in 2025 and its members now sit as the Progressief Nederland (PRO) group
- People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD): centre-right, based on free market ideas, liberal, 22 seats; a party of the governing coalition
- Democrats 66 (D66): centre, progressive-liberal and radical-democratic political party. With 26 seats it is the largest group and leads the governing coalition
- Farmer–Citizen Movement (BBB): centre-right, agrarian, soft Euroscepticism, 3 seats
- Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA): centre, Christian democrats, 18 seats; a party of the governing coalition
- Socialist Party (SP): left-wing, extremely socialist
- DENK: centre-left, minority rights, identity politics
- Party For The Animals (PvdD): environmentalism, animal rights, soft-euroscepticsm
- Forum For Democracy (FvD): national conservatism
- Reformed Political Party (SGP): Christian right, social conservatism
- ChristianUnion (CU): centre, orthodox reformed political party with centre-left ideals
- Volt Netherlands (VOLT): centre, it is the Dutch branch of the political movement Volt Europa
- JA21: right to far right, conservative liberalism, 9 seats
- 50PLUS: pensioners' interests, 2 seats
- Groep Markuszower: group of seven deputies who left the PVV.

Executive Power

The Chief of State is the King, whose role is cerimonial. Following parliamentary (lower house) elections, the leader of the majority party or of a majority coalition is usually appointed Prime Minister (head of the Government) by the Monarch to serve a four year term. The Council of Ministers is formally appointed by the monarch on recommendation of the Prime Minister.

Legislative Power

Legislative power is bicameral. The parliament is called States General and consists of two chambers: the First Chamber (Senate - upper house, 75 members indirectly elected) and the Second Chamber (House of Representatives - lower house, 150 members directly elected). Members of both chambers serve a four-year term. The Government has the constitutional right to dissolve one or both chambers of parliament.