The political framework of Mexico

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders

President and head of government: Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo (since 1st October 2024)

Next Election Dates

Presidential: 2030
Chamber of Deputies: 2027
Senate: 2030

Main Political Parties

Mexico has a multi-party system. Under the transition to democratic pluralism, the centre of political power has shifted away from the executive and towards the legislative branch and local governments. The largest political parties in the country are:

- National Regeneration Movement (MORENA): centre-left to left wing, anti-neoliberalism, left-wing nationalism, populism. As of 2025, it is the largest political party in Mexico's parliament.
- National Action Party (PAN): centre-right to right wing, liberal conservative, Christian democratic party. It is the main opposition party
- Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM): centre-right, environmentalist, conservative.
- Labour Party (PT): left-wing, social democratic, labourist, left-wing nationalist.
- Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI): centre to centre-left, oldest political party in the country, constitutionalist, technocratic, social conservative, big tent party.
- Citizens' Movement (MC): centre-left, social democratic, progressist.

Executive Power

In Mexico, as established by the Constitution, the Executive power is vested in the President of the United Mexican States, who serves as both Head of State and Head of Government, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. The President is elected by popular vote for a single six-year term, known as a sexenio, and reelection is prohibited. As the head of the executive branch, the President has the authority to appoint the Cabinet, although certain key appointments, such as the Attorney General and diplomatic positions, require Senate approval.

Legislative Power

The legislative power in Mexico is vested in the Congress of the Union, which is bicameral, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. The Chamber of Deputies is composed of 500 members, 300 elected through plurality voting in single-member districts and 200 through proportional representation in multi-member districts, all serving three-year terms. The Senate of the Republic comprises 128 members, with 96 elected through plurality voting—two for each state and Mexico City, plus one for the first minority—and 32 through proportional representation, all serving six-year terms.