The political framework of Hungary

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders

President: Tamas SULYOK (since 5 March 2024) - Fidesz
Prime Minister: Viktor Orban (since 29 May 2010) - Fidesz

Next Election Dates

Presidential: 2027
National Assembly: April 2026

Main Political Parties

Hungary is a multi-party democracy largely divided between the conservative right and opposition. The three main parties/coalitions at the latest election were:

- Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Alliance (Fidesz): centre-right, nationalist, socially conservative, the most popular party across all legislative districts. It currently holds a majority in the National Assembly with 135 seats and has maintained control of the presidency since 2010. Furthermore, it has supported the election of every president since 2000
- United for Hungary: a big tent coalition formed by the following parties: Hungarian Socialist Party, Democratic Coalition, Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik), LMP – Hungary's Green Party, Dialogue for Hungary and the Momentum Movement
- Our Homeland Movement (MHM): far-right, nationalist.

Other parties include:
- Christian Democratic People’s Party (KDNP): right-wing, propagates national conservatism; acts as a sister organisation of Fidesz
- Jobbik: initially far-right and anti-EU, the party has switched to the more mainstream right political line
- Politics Can Be Different (LMP): centre, green-liberal, champions protection of the environment, supports sustainable development and aims to work against corruption
- National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary (MNOÖ): German-Hungarian interests
- Momentum Movement: centrist, liberal.

Executive Power

The President is the Chief of State and the Prime Minister is the Head of Government. The President is elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second term). His role is primarily ceremonial, with limited executive power. The Prime Minister is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the President. The PM holds significant executive authority, including the selection and dismissal of cabinet ministers.
The Cabinet is a Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the President; other ministers are proposed by the Prime Minister and appointed and relieved of their duties via the presidential elections.

Legislative Power

The Hungarian Parliament is unicameral. The National Assembly is composed of 199 members elected every four years and can either initiate new legislation or approve those introduced by the Government. Out of the total, 106 members are directly elected in single-member constituencies by simple majority vote and 93 members are directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by party-list proportional representation vote.

Indicator of Political Freedom

Political Freedom:

3/7