The political framework of Egypt

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders

President: Abdel fattah El-Sisi (since June 2014 ; re-elected for a third term in December 2023)
Prime Minister: Mostafa Madbouli (since June 2018)

Next Election Dates

Presidential: 2029

Main Political Parties

Out of more than 100 parties, only about 20 are under the dome of Parliament, 5 have parliamentary bodies with more than 10 deputies within the House. These parties are:

• Mostakbal Watan (Nation's Future Party): nationalist, populist
• Al Shaab Al-Gomhouri (Republican People’s Party): nationalist
• New Wafd Party: liberalism, conservatism
• Homat El-Watan (Homeland’s Defenders Party): centrist
• Modern Egypt: centre-right, liberalism
• Reform and Development Party: liberalism, centrist, it is the main opposition party
• Egyptian Social Democratic Party: social democratic

Other parties include

• Freedom Party
• Conference Party
• Al-Nour Party
• National Progressive Unionist Party (Tagammu)
• Justice Party
• Eradet Geel Party.

Executive Power

The President is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the armed forces. He is elected for a six-year term of office. The President is the head of the executive branch and appoints the Prime Minister, who must be approved by a confidence vote in the Parliament. The President also appoints the head of the Council of Ministers. Cabinet ministers are nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representatives. Furthermore, the President can dissolve the Assembly and rule by decree.
In 2019 the Parliament voted to remove the limit of two terms for the President, whose term has been extended from four to six years.

Legislative Power

The legislative power is bicameral since the constitutional referendum of 2019 was approved by the House of Representatives in June 2020. It established an upper chamber called the Senate, composed of 300 seats (100 members directly elected in single seat constituencies, 100 directly elected by closed party-list vote, and 100 appointed by the president). The House of Representatives is composed of 596 members, of which 568 directly elected for a period of 5 years by universal suffrage and 28 appointed. The President may dissolve the House of Representatives.

Indicator of Political Freedom

Political Freedom:

6/7